What's funny? What kind of funny is my funny?

DEFINITIONS of Types and Sources of Humor

TYPES of humor:
IRONY: "an expression of meaning... by the use of language of a different or opposite tendency." (OED)
WORD games and dialogue (HTWF).
TRUTH: voicing things everyone's pretending not to see (HTWF).
SATIRE: "use of ridicule, irony, sarcasm, etc. to expose folly or vice or to lampoon an individual" (OED).
CHARACTER VS. CHARICATURE (e.g., Dickens' description of Scrooge (HTWF)) or "...a comic representation of a person by exaggeration of characteristic traits." (OED)
STRANGE SETTINGS AND AWKWARD SITUATIONS--places where the character is humorously out of place. (HTWF),
COMICAL PLOTS AND UNLIKELY CONNECTIONS, e.g. _The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Universe_ which makes fun of practically every device used in sci fi. (HTWF)
BATHOS, a sudden transition from serious to funny. (HTWF)

A partial list of SOURCES of humor:
EXAGGERATION (see Mark Twain's tall tales or Dave Barry, e.g., ...the taxi had some kind of problem with the steering, probably dead pedestrians lodged in the mechanism..."
UNDERSTATEMENT: see the Black Knight in _Monty Python and the Holy Grail_ who says, on having both arms cut off, "'Tis but a scratch!"
Others: intrusion of the UNEXPECTED,
REVERSAL or substitution of words, identities (ah, Shakespeare!), conventional wisdoms or behaviors, ANACHRONISM (obviously intentional incongruity with respect to time as in Mark Twain's _A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court_),
EMBARRASSMENT (ranges from bathroom humor to sophisticated humor due to incompetence, misunderstanding, miscommunication),
ABSURDITY,
FANTASY-ITSELF, puns,
LOGICAL progressions as in Catch-22,
PARODY (such as Doug Adams' parody of sci fi lit above).
(The above is a paraphrase of HTWF (see below) plus my own two bits.)

Note: Sarcasm and forms of humor aimed at people categorized by race, religion, ethnicity, mental capacity, mental health, etc., are not considered "humor" for the purposes of this discussion.
Def'n of Sarcasm: 1. a bitter or wounding remark. 2. a taunt, esp. one ironically worded. (OED]

Sources: The Oxford English Dictionary (OED).
"The Comic Point of View" by David Bouchier in _How to Write Funny_ (HTWF)